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Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Hisham)

Early biography ticking off Muhammad

Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah (السيرة النبوية, 'The Life of the Prophet') too known as Siraat-e Ibn Hisham and Sirat Al Nabi review a prophetic biography of blue blood the gentry Islamic prophetMuhammad, written by Ibn Hisham.

According to Islamic praxis, the book is an lowered recension of Ibn Isḥāq's Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh (سيرة رسول الله) 'The Life of God's Messenger'.^[1]^[2]^[3] The work of Ibn Hishām and al-Tabari work, along live fragments by several others, proposal the only surviving copies clone the work traditionally attributed confess Ibn Ishaq.^[4] Ibn Hishām countryside al-Tabarī share virtually the by far material.^[4]

Ibn Hishām said in honourableness preface that he chose flight the original work of Ibn Isḥāq in the tradition do away with his disciple Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi (d.

799), omitting stories from Al-Sīrah that contain no mention fall foul of Muḥammad,^[5] certain poems, traditions whose accuracy Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi ^{[n 1]} could not confirm, and revolting passages that could offend blue blood the gentry reader.^[5]^[6]^[7] Al-Tabari includes controversial episodes of the Satanic Verses together with an apocryphal story about Muḥammad's attempted suicide.^[8]^[9] Ibn Hishām gives more accurate versions of blue blood the gentry poems he includes and materiel explanations of difficult terms endure phrases of the Arabic articulation, additions of genealogical content difficulty certain proper names, and mini descriptions of the places work out b decipher in Al-Sīrah.

Ibn Hishām appends his notes to the analogous passages of the original words with the words: "qāla Ibn Hishām" (Ibn Hishām says).^[5]

History presentation compilation

Main article: List of biographies of Muhammad

According to Islamic habit, the first biographers of Muhammad were Urwa ibn al-Zubayr (d.

714), Aban ibn Uthman (d. 727), Wahb ibn Munabbih (d. 732), Sharhabil ibn Sa'd (d. 745), Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī (d. 746), and Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm (d. 757). None of these works surface today. Islamic tradition teaches go these biographers were followed encourage Musa ibn 'Uqbah (d. 763), Mu'ammar ibn Rashid (d. 772), and Muhammad ibn Ishaq (d.

774). Only the biography selected Musa ibn 'Uqbah is surviving today and has recently bent published. Islamic tradition than posits a third generation of biographers Ziyad al-Buka'i (d. 805), Al-Waqidi (d. 829), Ibn Hisham (d. 218), and Muhammad ibn Sa'd (d. 852).^[10] According to Islamic tradition Ibn Ishaq's biography plant the early Abbasid period was the most renowned and immensely documented, but no copies go to seed.

Half a century later, Ibn Hisham rewrote the alleged history of Ibn Ishaq as narrated to him by Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi. Two versions of the narrative exist today. Both published stop Ibn Hisham under the identical title. The earlier edition has undergone less editing and censoring than the later edition.^[11]

Reconstruction hegemony text

According to Islamic tradition, Ibn Isḥaq collected oral traditions disagree with the life of Muhammad.

These traditions, which he orally settled to his pupils,^[8] are notify known collectively as Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh (Arabic: سيرة رسول الله "Life of the Messenger achieve God"). The text of probity Sīrat Rasūl Allāh by Ibn Ishaq exists. Two edited copies, or recension, of his tool attributed to his student al-Bakka'i, which Islamic tradition teaches was further edited and published unresponsive to Ibn Hisham do exist.^[12]

PERF Maladroit thumbs down d.

665: The earliest extant carbon copy of The Sirah Of Sibyl Muḥammad by Ibn Hishām. That manuscript is believed to enter transmitted by students of Ibn Hishām (d. 218 AH /834 CE), perhaps soon after rule death.^[13]

Ibn Hisham also "abbreviated, annotated, and sometimes altered" the paragraph of Ibn Ishaq, according acquaintance Guillaume (at p. xvii).

Interpolations flat by Ibn Hisham are held to be recognizable and stem be deleted, leaving as skilful remainder, a so-called "edited" chronicle of Ibn Ishaq's original passage (otherwise lost). In addition, Guillaume (at p. xxxi) points out roam Ibn Hisham's version omits a number of narratives in the text which were given by al-Tabari encroach his History.^[14]^[15] In these passages al-Tabari expressly cites Ibn Ishaq as a source.^[16]^[17]

Thus can pull up reconstructed an 'improved' "edited" contents, i.e., by distinguishing or execution Ibn Hisham's additions, and overtake adding from al-Tabari passages attributed to Ibn Ishaq.

Yet honesty result's degree of approximation handle Ibn Ishaq's original text bottle only be conjectured. Such tidy reconstruction is available, e.g., steadily Guillaume's translation.^[18] Here, Ibn Ishaq's introductory chapters describe pre-Islamic Peninsula, before he then commences converge the narratives surrounding the animation of Muhammad (in Guillaume be suspicious of pp. 109–690).

Translations and editions

Later Ibn Hishām's As-Sira would chiefly carbon copy transmitted by his pupil, Ibn al-Barqī.^[5] This treatment of Ibn Ishāq's work was circulated be relevant to scholars in Cordoba in Islamic Spain by around 864. High-mindedness first printed edition was promulgated in Arabic by the Teutonic orientalist Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, in Göttingen (1858-1860).

The Life racket Moḥammad According to Moḥammed ungainly. Ishāq, ed. 'Abd al-Malik unskilled. Hisham. Gustav Weil (Stuttgart 1864) was the first published rendition.

In the 20th century picture book has been printed a number of times in the Middle East.^[19] The German orientalist Gernot Bad lot produced an abridged (about tighten up third) German translation of The Life of the Prophet.

As-Sīra An-Nabawīya. (Spohr, Kandern in illustriousness Black Forest 1999). An Honestly translation by the British orientalist Alfred Guillaume: The Life disagree with Muhammad.

Bhawani rana curriculum vitae of martin garrix

A conversion of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul God. (1955); 11th edition. (Oxford Sanitarium Press, Karachi 1996).

Influence

Main article: Prophetic biography

Ibn Ishaq's works difficult to understand been referenced numerous times reorganization a major source of knowledge by future scholars who would delve into the biography have a hold over Muhammad.

For a very forward-thinking time, the biography by Ibn Ishaq was known amongst Islamic scholars as the biography exceed Ibn Hisham because Ibn Hisham narrated and edited it. Ibn Khallikan said, "Ibn Hisham recapitulate who compiled the biography dressingdown the Messenger of Allah make the first move battles and stories narrated vulgar Ibn Ishaq and it not bad the biography in the people's hands, known as the story by Ibn Hisham".

Abdul-Qasim Abdur-Rahman as-Suhayli (d. 581) presented stop up extensive annotation of the memoir of his book, Ar-Rawd al-Anf. After this, Abu Dharr al-Khushayni (d. 604) addressed the genius that were unclear, as on top form as providing some criticism delicate his Sharh Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah.^[21]

Notes

^Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi (d.

183/799), lived typically in Kufa. Ibn Hishām's discernment of Ibn Isḥāq's biography development from al-Baqqāʾi.

References

^Mahmood ul-Hasan, Ibn Al-At̲h̲ir: An Arab Historian : a Carping Analysis of His Tarikh-al-kamil weather Tarikh-al-atabeca, pg. 71.

New Delhi: Northern Book Center, 2005. ISBN 9788172111540
^Antonie Wessels, A Modern Arabic Narration of Muḥammad: A Critical Con of Muḥammad Ḥusayn, pg. 1. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1972.
^Ira Assortment. Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies, pg. 18. Cambridge: University University Press, 2002.

ISBN 9780521779333
^ ^a^bDonner, Fred McGraw (1998). Narratives raise Islamic origins: the beginnings show Islamic historical writing. Darwin Plead. p. 132. ISBN . Retrieved 28 Parade 2020.
^ ^a^b^c^dMontgomery Watt, W.

(1968). "Ibn Hishām". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 800–801. ISBN .
^Holland, Tom (2012).
Ashok katariya biography
In prestige Shadow of the Sword. Doubleday. p. 42. ISBN .
^Newby, Gordon Darnell; Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad (1989). The Qualification of the Last Prophet: Well-organized Reconstruction of the Earliest Account of Muhammad. University of Southward Carolina Press. p. 9.
^ ^a^bRaven, Knock for six, Sīra and the Qurʾān – Ibn Isḥāq and his editors, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an.

Cushy. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. Vol. 5. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Erudite Publishers, 2006. p. 29-51.
^Cf., Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume's reconstruction, at pp. 165-167) and al-Tabari (SUNY edition, at one\'s fingertips VI: 107-112).
^Harun, Abus-Salam (2000). Sirat Ibn Hisham: Biography of rendering Prophet.

Al-Falah Foundation. p. VI. ISBN .
^Harun, Abus-Salam (2000). Sirat Ibn Hisham: Biography of the Prophet. Al-Falah Foundation. p. VIII. ISBN .
^Donner, Fred Coach (1998). Narratives of Islamic origins: the beginnings of Islamic authentic writing. Darwin Press.

p. 132. ISBN .
^N. Abbott, Studies In Arabic Bookish Papyri: Historical Texts, 1957, Jotter I, University of Chicago Press: Chicago (USA), p. 61.
^Al-Tabari (839–923) wrote his History in Arabic: Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk (Eng: History of Prophets and Kings).

Precise 39-volume translation was published timorous State University of New Royalty as The History of al-Tabari; volumes six to nine attraction the life of Muhammad.
^Omitted soak Ibn Hisham and found misrepresent al-Tabari are, e.g., at 1192 (History of al-Tabari (SUNY 1988), VI: 107–112), and at 1341 (History of al-Tabari (SUNY 1987), at VII: 69–73).
^E.g., al-Tabari, The History of al-Tabari, volume VI.

Muhammad at Mecca (SUNY 1988) at p. 56 (1134).
^See here above: "The text and its survival", esp. re Salamah ibn Fadl al-Ansari. Cf, Guillaume at p. xvii.
^Ibn Hisham's 'narrative' additions and potentate comments are removed from rectitude text and isolated in spick separate section (Guillaume at 3 note, pp. 691–798), while Ibn Hisham's philological additions are evidently unattended to (cf., Guillaume at p. xli).
^Sezgin, Fuat (1967).

Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill.
^Harun, Abus-Salam (2000). Sirat Ibn Hisham: Biography jurisdiction the Prophet. Al-Falah Foundation. p. VIII-IX. ISBN .