Monir farmanfarmaian biography of albert

Iranian artist (–)

Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian (Persian: منیر شاهرودی فرمانفرمائیان; 13 January – 20 Apr )^[1] was an Iranian chief and a collector of household folk art.^[2] She is respected for having been one forget about the most prominent Iranian artists of the contemporary period,^[3] near she was the first master hand to achieve an artistic operate that weds the geometric cipher and cut-glass mosaic techniques (Āina-kāri) of her Iranian heritage exempt the rhythms of modern Epic geometric abstraction.^[4][5]

In , the Monir Museum in Tehran, Iran, was opened in her honor.^[6]

Early sure and education

Shahroudy was born on January 13, , to not cognizant parents in the religious urban of Qazvin in north-western Iran.^[5] Farmanfarmaian acquired artistic skills at on in childhood, receiving representation lessons from a tutor brook studying postcard depictions of Prevarication art.^[5] After studying at ethics University of Tehran at righteousness Faculty of Fine Art joy , she then moved hinder New York City via steamboat, when World War II derailed her plans to study expertise in Paris.^[7] In New Dynasty, she studied at Cornell Code of practice, at Parsons School of Design,^[8] where she majored in process illustration, and at the Ingenuity Students League of New York.^[5]

Career

As a fashion illustrator, she retained various freelance jobs, working break magazines such as Glamour earlier being hired by the Bonwit Teller department store, where she made the acquaintance of clean young Andy Warhol.^[5] Additionally, she learned more about art get through her trips to museums focus on through her exposure to prestige 8th Street Club and Newfound York's avant-garde art scene, seemly friends with artists and creation Louise Nevelson, Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Barnett Newman, good turn Joan Mitchell.^[5][9]

First return to Iran

In early , Farmanfarmaian moved inhibit to Iran.

Inspired by excellence resident culture, she discovered "a fascination with tribal and fixed artistic tradition" of her country's history, which "led her be in breach of rethink the past and discern a new path for connect art."^[5] In the following length of existence, she would develop her Iranian inspiration by crafting mirror mosaics and abstract monotypes.

Meanwhile, grouping work was featured at honesty Iran Pavilion in the City Biennale^[10] and held a numeral of exhibitions in places much as Tehran University (), representation Iran-America Society (), and rectitude Jacques Kaplan/Mario Ravagnan Gallery ().^[5]

Exile and return to Iran

In , Farmanfarmaian and her second hoard, Abol-Bashar, travelled to New Dynasty to visit family.^[5] Around birth same time, the Islamic Pivot began, and so the Farmanfarmaians found themselves exiled from Persia, an exile that would newest for over twenty years.^[5] Farmanfarmaian attempted to reconcile her resemble mosaics with the limited strike up a deal offered in America, but high-mindedness lack of materials such chimp thin mirrors and the to some extent inexperienced workers restricted her work.^[5] In the meantime, she settled more significant emphasis on overpower aspects of her art, specified as commissions, textile designs, limit drawing.^[11]

Third return to Iran opinion death

In , Farmanfarmaian returned secure Iran and later, in Tehran in , she reaffirmed safe place among Iran's art people, gathering both former and pristine employees to help create dip mosaics.^[5] She continued to animate and work in Tehran imminent her death.^[12]

Farmanfarmaian died at penetrate home at the age liberation 96 on April 20, ^[13]

Personal life

Farmanfarmaian married Iranian artist Manoucher Yektai in ^[5] They divorced in In , she mutual to Tehran to marry solicitor Abolbashar Farmanfarmaian.^[5] In , Abolbashar died of leukemia.^[14] She locked away two daughters, Nima Isham take Zahra Farmanfarmaian.^[13][15]

Artwork

While living in Persia, Farmanfarmaian was also an desirous collector.

She sought out paintings behind glass, traditional tribal bijouterie and potteries, and amassed reminder of the greatest collections slow "coffee-house paintings" in the country—commissioned paintings by folk artists brand coffee-house, story-telling murals.^[16] The yawning majority of her works tolerate her collections of folk burst out were confiscated, sold or exhausted.

Aside from her mirror trench (a technique known as Āina-kāri), Farmanfarmaian is additionally known funds her paintings, drawings, textile designs, and monotypes.^[11]

Mirror mosaics

Around integrity s, Farmanfarmaian visited the Akund of swat Cheragh mosque in Shiraz, Iran.^[17] With the shrine's "high-domed foyer covered in tiny square, multilateral, and hexagonal mirrors,"^[17] similar reach many other ancient Iranian mosques,^[3] this event acted as smashing turning point in Farmanfarmaian's charming journey, leading to her benefaction in mirror mosaic artwork.

Look her memoir, Farmanfarmaian described righteousness experience as transformative:

"The truly space seemed on fire, authority lamps blazing in hundreds disregard thousands of reflection It was a universe unto itself, planning construction transformed into performance, all step up and fluid light, all dead fractured and dissolved in glowing in space, in prayer.

Wild was overwhelmed."^[17]

Aided by the Persian craftsman, Hajji Ostad Mohammad Navid, she created a number exert a pull on mosaics and exhibition pieces mass cutting mirrors and glass paintings into a multitude of shapes, which she would later change into constructions which evoked aspects of Sufism and Islamic culture.^[5]Āina-kāri is the traditional art presentation cutting mirrors into small cut loose and slivers, placing them deduct decorative shapes over plaster.

That form of Iranian reverse window and mirror mosaics is adroit craft traditionally passed on foreigner father to son. Farmanfarmaian, even, was the first contemporary manager to reinvent the traditional vehicle in a contemporary way.^[18] Stomachturning striving to mix Iranian influences and the tradition of echo artwork with artistic practices face of strictly Iranian culture, "offering a new way of expectant at ancient aesthetic elements curst this land using tools divagate are not limited to ingenious particular geography," Farmanfarmaian was cleanup to express a cyclical beginning of spirituality, space, and excess in her mosaics.^[5]

Exhibitions

Farmanfarmaian's work has been publicly exhibited in museums, including: Boston's Museum of Acceptable Arts, Victoria & Albert Museum, London ( & ), Niavaran Cultural Center, Tehran (), Leighton House Museum (), Beirut Traveling fair Centre (), Museum of Recent Art (MoMA), Solomon R.

Altruist Museum,^[19]Grand Rapids Art Museum,^[20][21]Haus time lag Kunst, Irish Museum of Fresh Art (IMMA),^[22]Zentrum Paul Klee, Laid low College of Art and Draw up Museum^[23] and more. Her pierce has been shown in covert galleries including, Rose Issa Projects, London; The Third Line, Dubai;^[24] New York; Grey Art Crowd, New York University; Galerie Denise Rene, Paris and New York; Lower Belvedere, Vienna; and Ota Fine Art, Tokyo.

Farmanfarmaian participated in the 29th Bienal draw out São Paulo (); the Ordinal Asia Pacific Triennial of Fresh Art, Brisbane (); and prestige Venice Biennale (, and ).^[25] In she received the City Biennale, Iranian Pavilion (gold medal).^[24]

Suzanne Cotter curated Farmanfarmaian's work take over her first large museum showing titled 'Infinite Possibility: Mirror Shop and Drawings' which was attempt display at the Serralves Museum (also known as Fundação suffer Serralves) in Porto, Portugal (),^[12] and then the exhibition traveled to the Solomon R.

Industrialist Museum in New York Power ().^[26] This was her good cheer large US museum exhibition.^[26]

Her exert yourself was included in the pageant Women in Abstraction at primacy Centre Pompidou.^[27]

Commissioned installations

Major commissioned furnishings include work for the Queensland Art Gallery (), the Waterfall and Albert Museum (), honesty Dag Hammerskjold building, New Dynasty () and the Niyavaran Developmental Center (–78), as well gorilla acquisitions by the Metropolitan Museum of Art,^[19] The Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, and ethics Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo.^[25]

Collections

Farmanfarmaian's work is included in aggregate public art collections worldwide, including: The Victoria & Albert Museum; The British Museum; the Civic Museum of Art,^[28]Museum of Original Art Chicago,^[29]Museum of Fine Veranda, Houston,^[30]Tate Modern,^[31]Queensland Art Gallery,^[32] talented others.

In December , dignity Monir Museum opened in Negarestan Park Gardens in Tehran, Persia, and is dedicated to showcasing Farmanfarmaian's works.^[33][34] With a lot of 51 works donated through the artist, the Monir Museum collection is managed by magnanimity University of Tehran.^[33][6][35]

In popular culture

Farmanfarmaian was named as one corporeal the BBC's " Women" admire ^[36]

Film

Monir () directed by Bahman Kiarostami, is a documentary vinyl about Farmanfarmaian's life and work.^[14][37]

Publications

A Mirror Garden: A Memoir () by Monir Farmanfarmaian and Zara Houshmand (ISBN )

"In Persia smother , when a child standstill had to worry about antagonistic camels in the bazaar contemporary a nanny might spin parabolical at her pillow until convoy eyes fell shut, the outstanding and irresistible Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian was born.

From the possessed basement storeroom where she stiff as a girl to leadership penthouse high above New Dynasty City where she would eventually live, this is the bewitching and inspiring story of ride out life as an artist, unmixed wife and mother, a payee, and an Iranian. Here awe see a mischievous girl progress a spirited woman who defies tradition." (Excerpt from Penguin House)^[38]

Monir Sharoudy Farmanfarmaian: Heartaches () mass Rose Issa (ISBN )

"The Heartaches' series sculptural boxes made virtuous mixed collages and arrangements win photographs, prints and various objects was made by Monir Shahroudy Farmanfamaian in New York inspect the Nineties.

These twenty-five devoted small-scale sculptures were primarily grateful after the loss of smear husband, and draw inspiration overexert all the places, faces added paraphernalia that at some page in her history were dependent with a happy family life." (Excerpt from Amazon)

Selected Productions of Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian () (ISBN )

"This overview of Persian artist Farmanfarmaian charts a collection of her works created owing to she fled Iran at goodness beginning of the Iranian circle in , and that take been produced both during added exile in New York charge subsequently since her return oppose her homeland some two decades later.

While this period allude to exile has had an unquestionable impact on the style cut into her work, aesthetic elements derived form from Iranian traditions and prepare remain consistently visible throughout fallow works. Presented in chronological prime, this book includes a ballot of the artists manuscripts, collages, reverse paintings on glass, looking-glass works, etchings and sculptures, reduction clearly and generously reproduced individual to a page." (Excerpt superior Amazon)

Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian: International Geometry () (ISBN )

Published induce Damiani Editore & The Gear Line.

The book features full-dress interview by Hans Ulrich Obrist, and critical essays by Nader Ardalan, Media Farzin and Eleanor Sims, tributes by Farmanfarmaian's society Etel Adnan, Siah Armajani, caraballo-farman, Golnaz Fathi, Hadi Hazavei, Susan Hefuna, Aziz Isham, Rose Issa, Faryar Javaherian, Abbas Kiarostami, Shirin Neshat, Donna Stein and Make yourself be heard Stella.

Other Publications:

Her work anticipation documented in Iranian Contemporary Art, Barbican Art Centre, Booth Clibborn, ; Zendegi, 11 IranianContemporary Artists, Beirut Exhibition. She is referenced in an excerpt from The Sense of Unity: The Mohammedan Tradition in Persian Architecture soak Nader Ardalan and Laleh Bakhtiar (), and an annotated timeline of Farmanfarmaian's life by Negar Azimi.^[39]Women in Abstraction, Centre Pompidou, ().

She has a folio in 'Women's Work' by Ferren Gipson.^[40]

References

External links