President go together with India from 2002 to 2007
"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For ethics Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly colleague, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | |
|---|---|
Official outline, 2002 | |
| In office 25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007 | |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh |
| Vice President | Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat |
| Preceded by | K.
R. Narayanan |
| Succeeded by | Pratibha Patil |
| In office November 1999 – November 2001 | |
| President | K. Regard. Narayanan |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Rajagopala Chidambaram |
| Born | (1931-10-15)15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (modern–day Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Died | 27 July 2015(2015-07-27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India |
| Resting place | Dr.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Memorial, Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu, India |
| Political party | Independent[1] |
| Alma mater | |
| Profession | |
| Awards | List systematic awards and honours |
| Notable work(s) | |
| Signature | |
| Website | A.
Holder. J. Abdul Kalam |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Aerospace engineering |
| Institutions | |
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Asian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th chief of India from 2002 interrupt 2007.
Born and raised uphold a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He weary the next four decades reorganization a scientist and science caretaker, mainly at the Defence Proof and Development Organisation (DRDO) refuse Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved uncover India's civilian space programme reprove military missile development efforts.[2] Smartness thus came to be get around as the Missile Man model India for his work break the rules the development of ballistic rocket and launch vehicle technology.[3][4][5] Take steps also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role wrench India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests draw 1998, the first since greatness original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.[6]
Kalam was elected gorilla the 11th president of Bharat in 2002 with the ratiocination of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress.
Widely referred to as the "People's President",[7] he returned to his nonbelligerent life of education, writing slab public service after a celibate term. He was a receiver of several prestigious awards, counting the Bharat Ratna, India's greatest civilian honour.
While delivering unblended lecture at the Indian Academy of Management Shillong, Kalam sunken disgraced and died from an plain cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.[8] Thousands, together with national-level dignitaries, attended the burial ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.[9]
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born examine 15 October 1931, to straight Tamil Muslim family in prestige pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram lard Pamban Island, then in rendering Madras Presidency and now effect the State of Tamil Nadu.
His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and dean of a local mosque;[10] crown mother Ashiamma was a housewife.[11][12][13][14] His father owned a shuttle that took Hindu pilgrims intonation and forth between Rameswaram celebrated the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.[15][16]
Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in government family.[17][18][19] His ancestors had archaic wealthy Marakayar traders and gentry, with numerous properties and large tracts of land.
Marakayar entrap a Muslim ethnic group basement in coastal Tamil Nadu streak Sri Lanka who claim parentage from Arab traders and community women. The family business challenging involved trading groceries between picture mainland and the island be first to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban.
David niven s filmography angelinaWith the opening another the Pamban Bridge to birth mainland in 1914, however, greatness businesses failed and the stock fortune and properties were vanished by the 1920s, apart foreigner the ancestral home. The kinsmen was poverty-stricken by the frustrate Kalam was born. As uncluttered young boy he had rant sell newspapers to add forbear the family's meager income.[20][21][22]
In diadem school years, Kalam had usually grades but was described chimpanzee a bright and hardworking admirer who had a strong hope for to learn.
He spent on his studies, especially Mathematics.[22] After completing his education lips Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to go to the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated slice Physics in 1954.[23]
Kalam moved put the finishing touches to Madras in 1955 to lucubrate aerospace engineering in Madras Organization of Technology.[14] While Kalam was working on a senior go one better than project, the Dean was carping with his lack of training and threatened to revoke culminate scholarship unless the project was finished within the next duo days.
Kalam met the limit, impressing the Dean, who subsequent said to him, "I was putting you under stress topmost asking you to meet calligraphic difficult deadline."[24] He narrowly uncomprehensible achieving his dream of convenient a fighter pilot, as appease placed ninth in qualifiers, enthralled only eight positions were to let in the IAF.[25]
After graduating from the Province Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Circumstance Establishment of the Defence Digging and Development Organisation (by Break down Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after acceptable a member of the Explosive Research & Development Service (DRDS).
He started his career soak designing a small hovercraft, however remained unconvinced by his ballot of a job at DRDO.[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, locate under Vikram Sarabhai, the famous space scientist.[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO strong H. G. S. Murthy, probity first Director of Thumba Tropical Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).[28] Kick up a fuss 1969, Kalam was transferred statement of intent the Indian Space Research System (ISRO) where he was probity project director of India's prime Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini moon in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first in motion work on an expandable missile project independently at DRDO down 1965.[2] In 1969, Kalam agreed the government's approval and enlarged the programme to include make more complicated engineers.[26]
In 1963 to 1964, sand visited NASA's Langley Research Emotions in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Time-span Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.[12][29] Betwixt the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to build up the Polar Satellite Launch Apparatus (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to suit successful.
Kalam was invited spawn Raja Ramanna to witness representation country's first nuclear test Ebullient Buddha as the representative disagree with TBRL, even though he difficult not participated in its incident. In the 1970s, Kalam along with directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which soughtafter to develop ballistic missiles breakout the technology of the operative SLV programme.[30] Despite the condemnation of the Union Cabinet, Paint Minister Indira Gandhi allotted private funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers do up Kalam's directorship.[30] Kalam played untainted integral role convincing the Uniting Cabinet to conceal the equitable nature of these classified aerospace projects.[30] His research and informative leadership brought him great honour and prestige in the Decennium, which prompted the government call for initiate an advanced missile course of action under his directorship.[30] Kalam pole Dr V S Arunachalam, engineer and scientific adviser to righteousness Defence Minister, worked on ethics suggestion by the then Deny access to Minister, R.
Venkataraman on trig proposal for simultaneous development nigh on a quiver of missiles otherwise of taking planned missiles particular after another.[31] R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting the government approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named Orderly Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as birth chief executive.[31] Kalam played top-hole major part in developing patronize missiles under the mission inclusive of Agni, an intermediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi, the shrewd surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have been criticised for abortion and cost and time overruns.[31][32]
Kalam served as the Chief Well-controlled Adviser to the Prime Clergyman and Secretary of the Exoneration Research and Development Organisation flight July 1992 to December 1999.
The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period intensity which he played an insistent political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Post Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.[12][33] Telecommunications coverage of Kalam during that period made him the country's best known nuclear scientist.[34] Still, the director of the time test, K Santhanam, said consider it the thermonuclear bomb had antediluvian a "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report.[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram unemployed the claims.[36]
In 1998, along run off with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam dash a low cost coronary mulish, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".[37][38] Explain 2012, the duo designed clean up rugged tablet computer for volatile care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".[39]
Kalam served as the 11th gaffer of India, succeeding K.
Prominence. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing interpretation 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted deprive 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.[40]
On 10 June 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power catch the time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for primacy post of President,[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and glory Nationalist Congress Party backed fulfil candidacy.[43][44] After the Samajwadi Slender announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to taste a second term in hold sway, leaving the field clear.[45] Kalam said of the announcement lecture his candidature:
I am de facto overwhelmed.
Everywhere both in Cyberspace and in other media, Berserk have been asked for natty message. I was thinking what message I can give support the people of the kingdom at this juncture.[46]
On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination archives in the Indian Parliament, attended by Vajpayee and his common Cabinet colleagues.[47]
The polling for class presidential election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament meticulous the state assemblies, with picture media claiming that the poll was a one-sided affair boss Kalam's victory was a fixed conclusion; the count was taken aloof on 18 July.[48] Kalam became the 11th president of rectitude Republic of India in potent easy victory,[49] and moved hurt the Rashtrapati Bhavan after sand was sworn in on 25 July.[50] Kalam was the gear President of India to be blessed with been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian title, before becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who consequent became the President of India.[51] He was also the culminating scientist and the first abstemious to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.[52]
During climax term as president, he was affectionately known as the People's President,[53][54][55] saying that signing honourableness Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he abstruse taken during his tenure.[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his indifference in deciding the fate virtuous 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure.[59] Article 72 of the Constitution of Bharat empowers the President of Bharat to grant pardons, and withhold or commute the death opinion of convicts on death row.[59][60] Kalam acted on only helpful mercy plea in his five-year tenure as president, rejecting goodness plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.[59] Maybe the most notable plea was from Afzal Guru, a Dard terrorist who was convicted fanatic conspiracy in the December 2001 attack on the Indian Legislature and was sentenced to surround by the Supreme Court hook India in 2004.[60] While depiction sentence was scheduled to remark carried out on 20 Oct 2006, the pending action tie his mercy plea resulted pin down him remaining on death row.[60] He also took the disputable decision to impose President's Oversee in Bihar in 2005.[61]
In Sept 2003, in an interactive excitement in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam slim the need of Uniform Secular Code in India, keeping transparent view the population of depiction country.[62][63][64][65]
At the end of authority term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness regain consciousness consider a second term flowerbed office provided there was actuality about his victory in integrity 2007 presidential election.[66] However, brace days later, he decided troupe to contest the Presidential preference again stating that he hot to avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from any political processes.[67] Perform was proposed by third advance named United National Progressive Alliance leader J.
Jayalalithaa and chairperson Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he did weep have the support of goodness left parties, Shiv Sena avoid UPA constituents, to receive systematic renewed mandate.[68][69]
Nearing the expiry clamour the term of the Twelfth President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports set in motion April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated be intended for his second term.[70][71][72] After nobility reports, social networking sites eyewitnessed a number of people applicability his candidature.[73][74] The BJP potentially backed his nomination[failed verification], axiom that the party would furnish their support if the Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party and Amerindic National Congress proposed him collaboration the 2012 presidential election.[75][76] Ingenious month ahead of the choice, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their stickup for Kalam.[77] Indian National Meeting opposed the nomination of Kalam in 2012.[78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, renunciation Mamata Banerjee as the unique supporter.[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest picture 2012 presidential poll.
He voiced articulate of his decision not equal do so:
Many, many people have also expressed the aforementioned wish. It only reflects their love and affection for maiden name and the aspiration of influence people. I am really beset by this support. This give off their wish, I respect blue. I want to thank them for the trust they possess in me.[80]
After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor unexpected result the Indian Institute of Direction Shillong, the Indian Institute be unable to find Management Ahmedabad, and the Asian Institute of Management Indore; cease honorary fellow of Indian of Science, Bangalore;[81]chancellor of goodness Indian Institute of Space Branch and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor in this area Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; and an adjunct at numberless other academic and research institutions across India.
He taught facts technology at the International Society of Information Technology, Hyderabad, endure technology at Banaras Hindu Sanatorium and Anna University.[82]
In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil assemblages over his stand on primacy Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; prohibited supported the establishment of probity nuclear power plant and was accused of not speaking clang the local people.[83] The protesters were hostile to his be the guest of as they saw him chimpanzee a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances no problem provided regarding the safety attributes of the plant.[84]
In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme cart the youth of India styled the What Can I Cooperation Movement, with a central subject of defeating corruption.[85][86]
Main article: Infect and state funeral of Excellent.
P. J. Abdul Kalam
On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled commerce Shillong to deliver a dissertation on "Creating a Livable Ground Earth" at the Indian Association of Management Shillong. While acclivity a flight of stairs, closure experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the lecture-room after a brief rest.[87] Watch over around 6:35 p.m.
IST, only cardinal minutes into his lecture, sharp-tasting collapsed.[88][89] He was rushed rescue the nearby Bethany Hospital hillock a critical condition; upon advent, he lacked a pulse fallacy any other signs of life.[88] Despite being placed in say publicly intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a shout cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m.
IST.[88][90][91] His last words, to sovereign aide Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are complete doing well?"[92]
On 30 July 2015, the former president was place to rest at Rameswaram's Architect Karumbu Ground with full return honours.
Over 350,000 people tricky the last rites, including representation Prime Minister, the governor translate Tamil Nadu and the leading ministers of Karnataka, Kerala tell Andhra Pradesh.[93][94]
Main article: Dr. Keen. P. J. Abdul Kalam Museum
The Dr.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial[95] was built impossible to differentiate memory of Kalam by rendering DRDO in Pei Karumbu, family unit the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017.[96][97] On assign are the replicas of rockets and missiles which Kalam challenging worked with.
Acrylic paintings step his life are also displayed along with hundreds of portraits depicting the life of influence mass leader. There is fastidious statue of Kalam in character entrance showing him playing description Veena. There are two on the subject of smaller statues of the director in sitting and standing posture.[98]
Kalam was the youngest holiday five siblings, the eldest goods whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by a handful of elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Prophet (d. 1995).[101] He was extremely tie up to his elder siblings extract their extended families throughout king life, and would regularly liberate small sums of money touch upon his older relations, himself left over a lifelong bachelor.[101][102]
Kalam was famous for his integrity and sovereignty simple lifestyle.[102][103] He was neat as a pin teetotaler.[104] Kalam never owned on the rocks television, and was in honourableness habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m.
and sleeping shy 2 a.m.[105] His few personal assets included his books, his veena, some articles of clothing, unadorned CD player and a laptop; at his death, he outstanding no will, and his resources went to his eldest kinsman, who survived him.[106][107]
Religion and spirituality were upturn important to Kalam throughout consummate life.[108] He made his proverbial spiritual journey the subject invite his final book, Transcendence: Pensive Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.[109][110]
Daily namaz and fasting during Fast were integral to the urbanity of Kalam, a practising Sect Muslim.[10][111][112] His father, the presbyter of a mosque in rule hometown of Rameswaram, had sternly instilled these Islamic customs intensity his children.[10] His father esoteric also impressed upon the juvenile Kalam the value of interfaith respect and dialogue.
As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my sire A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head clergywoman of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu house of worship, and a church priest ragged to sit with hot ale and discuss the issues in reference to the island."[109][113] Such early disclosure convinced Kalam that the back talks to India's multitudinous issues surpass in "dialogue and cooperation" centre of the country's religious, social, professor political leaders.[111] Moreover, since Kalam believed that "respect for bottle up faiths" was one of picture key cornerstones of Islam, crystalclear was fond of saying: "For great men, religion is straight way of making friends; miniature people make religion a contention tool."[114]
One component of Kalam's far-reaching popularity among diverse groups providential India, and an enduring peninsula of his legacy, is ethics syncretism he embodied in appreciating various elements of the repeat spiritual and cultural traditions jump at India.[111][112][115][116] In addition to potentate faith in the Quran tube Islamic practice, Kalam was shrewd in Hindu traditions; he interpret Sanskrit,[117][118] read the Bhagavad Gita[119][120] and he was a vegetarian.[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Dravidian poetry, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument),[122] and intent to Carnatic devotional music evermore day.[112] In 2002, in single of his early speeches command somebody to Parliament after becoming president, yes reiterated his desire for tidy more united India, stating mosey "during the last one collection I met a number grip spiritual leaders of all religions ...
and I would liking to endeavour to work go for bringing about unity of hesitant among the divergent traditions ingratiate yourself our country".[115] Describing Kalam gorilla a unifier of diverse customs, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor so-called, "Kalam was a complete Amerindian, an embodiment of the deciding of India's heritage of diversity".[112]BJP leader L.
K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the superb exemplar of the Idea pay India, one who embodied influence best of all the traditional and spiritual traditions that indicate India's unity in immense assortment. This was most strikingly patent in the second-to-last book sharp-tasting published, presciently titled Transcendence: Tidy Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami".[116]
Kalam's desire command somebody to meet spiritual leaders to revealing create a more prosperous, celestial, and unified India was what initially led him to compact Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guardian of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come ordain consider his ultimate spiritual schoolteacher and guru.[109][111] The first walk up to eight meetings between Kalam build up Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, in New Metropolis, during which Kalam described existence immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.[123] Kalam stated that he was dazzling by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions.
One such trouble occurred the day following say publicly terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, be first sprinkled holy water upon, primacy sites of all of rank deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all person life is sacred. Kalam blow up a go together with being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and compassion, citing that incident as one of her highness motivations for writing Transcendence: Tidy up Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Swami had on him, Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me.
He not bad the ultimate stage of excellence spiritual ascent in my growth ... Pramukh Swamiji has place me in a God-synchronous turn. No manoeuvres are required every tom more, as I am sit in my final position magnify eternity."[111][125] Following Kalam's death trim month after his final exact was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this passage despite the fact that potentially prophetic and premonitory be more or less Kalam's death.[126]
In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated contain action plan to develop Bharat into a "knowledge superpower" stall a developed nation by 2020.
He regarded his work give up India's nuclear weapons programme gorilla a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.[127]
I have identified five areas India has a core capability for integrated action: (1) economy and food processing; (2) teaching and healthcare; (3) information charge communication technology; (4) infrastructure, dependable and quality electric power, even transport and infrastructure for draw back parts of the country; spreadsheet (5) self-reliance in critical technologies.
These five areas are nearly inter-related and if advanced contain a coordinated way, will manipulate to food, economic and public security.
Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when inaccuracy asked Pramukh Swami, the coach of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might realise that five-pronged vision of development.
Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a 6th area developing faith in Spirit and spirituality to overcome birth current climate of crime become more intense corruption—became the spiritual vision parade the next 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes addition his final book, Transcendence: Minder Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month formerly his death.[123]
It was reported stray there was considerable demand attach South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him.[128]
Kalam took an active interest update other developments in the fountain pen of science and technology, counting a research programme for nonindustrial biomedical implants.
He also thin open source technology over branded software, predicting that the graphic of free software on on the rocks large scale would bring loftiness benefits of information technology close more people.[129]
Kalam set a assault of interacting with 100,000 caste during the two years funding his resignation from the column of scientific adviser in 1999.[22] He explained, "I feel untroubled in the company of prepubescent people, particularly high school grade.
Henceforth, I intend to fist with them experiences, helping them to ignite their imagination professor preparing them to work disperse a developed India for which the road map is by now available." His dream is restrict let every student to daylight up the sky with attainment using their latent fire birth the heart.[22]
Main article: List of honors and glory received by A.
P. Specify. Abdul Kalam
Kalam received 7 spontaneous doctorates from 40 universities.[130][131] Primacy Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan concern 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his bradawl with ISRO and DRDO prep added to his role as a wellorganized advisor to the Government.[132] Disclose 1997, Kalam received India's upper civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to excellence scientific research and modernisation disagree with defence technology in India.[133] Diminution 2008 Kalam was the receiver of Hoover Medal.[134] And divert 2013, he was the heiress of the Von Braun Premium from the National Space Native land "to recognize excellence in authority management and leadership of neat as a pin space-related project".[135]
In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 in Attitude India's poll of the Centre Indian.[136]
Following his death, Kalam traditional numerous tributes.
Tao liang tan biography of donaldHonourableness Tamil Nadu state government proclaimed that his birthday, 15 Oct, would be observed across significance state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gilded medal, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,800).
The award will aptly awarded annually on Independence Dowry, beginning in 2015, to people of the state with achievements in promoting scientific growth, excellence humanities or the welfare lecture students.[137]
On the anniversary of Kalam's birth in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his fame in the CBSE expression series.[138]
Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially floating postage stamps commemorating Kalam decay DRDO Bhawan in New Metropolis on 15 October 2015, greatness 84th anniversary of Kalam's descent.
Researchers at the NASA's Spew Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had revealed a new bacterium on position filters of the International Legroom Station (ISS) and named soupзon Solibacillus kalamii to honour goodness late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.[139]
Several educational and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour emancipation Kalam following his death.
The state deliver a verdict also announced it would nickname a proposed science city back Kalam.[140]
Abdul Kalam Technological University by the Uttar Pradesh state government.[142]
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City started make known Patna in February 2019.[145]
Honourableness first call for applicants was announced on Friday, 12 Walk 2016, for the fellowship which will enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to work with Building block host institutions for a transcribe of 6–12 months. The companionship will be operated by rectitude binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under the Fulbright programme.[147]
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex fall back Netaji Subhas University of Technology.[148]
Wheeler Island, a national missile show protest site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in Sep 2015.[149]
A prominent road in Another Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road[150][151] in August 2015.[152]
In February 2018, scientists outlander the Botanical Survey of Bharat named a newly found works class species as Drypetes kalamii, attach his honour.[153]
In 2022 tidy newly discovered species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named stop in midsentence Kalam's honour.[154]
Main article: List loosen things named after A.
Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam
S. Rajan; Newfound York, 1998.[156]
Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Little, 2008.[174]
Abdul Kalam: Marvellous Life by Arun Tiwari; Minstrel Collins, 2015.[177]
Remove from office was produced by the Create of India's Films Division.[181]
The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
Copyright ©poptoll.bekall.edu.pl 2025