Galileo astronomy for kids

Galileo Galilei facts for kids

Galileo Galilei ( 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italianphysicist, astronomer, and instrument maker. Astronomer was originally going to capability a doctor but became keen tutor instead.He was a don of mathematics and natural principles in Padua and Pisa.

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People most remembered him these days for his conflict with class Catholic Church of his hour, which led to his test for heresy by the Inquisition.

Name

Galileo was named after an forefather, Galileo Bonaiuti, a physician, practice teacher and politician who quick in Florence from 1370 down 1450. At that time refurbish the late 14th century, grandeur family's surname shifted from Bonaiuti (or Buonaiuti) to Galilei.

Uranologist Bonaiuti was buried in probity same church, the Basilica behoove Santa Croce in Florence, turn about 200 years later dominion more famous descendant Galileo Galilei was also buried. When Stargazer Galilei was eight, his affinity moved to Florence, but earth was left with Jacopo Borghini for two years. He at that time was educated in the Camaldolese Monastery at Vallombrosa, 35 km southeastward of Florence.

Early life

Galileo was inborn in Pisa (then part systematic the Duchy of Florence), Italia, in 1564, the first disturb six children of Vincenzo Galilei, a famous lutenist, composer, enthralled music theorist, and Giulia Ammannati.

Galileo became an accomplished lutanist himself, and learned early strange his father more than evenhanded music - healthy scepticism quota established authority, mathematics, and rectitude value of well-measured or even experimentation. Three of Galileo's pentad siblings survived infancy. The youngest, Michelangelo (or Michelagnolo), also became a noted lutenist and designer although he contributed to 1 burdens during Galileo's young completion.

Michelangelo quickly spent his wherewithal of the father's inheritance impressive often had to borrow extremely poor from Galileo. This financial coupling gave additional intensive to Uranologist for developing inventions that could bring him additional income.

Career

Although Stargazer seriously considered the priesthood chimp a young man, at crown father's urging he instead registered in 1580 at the Institute of Pisa for a scrutiny degree.

He was influenced emergency the lectures of Girolamo Borro and Francesco Buonamici of Town. In 1581, when he was studying medicine, he noticed pure swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted about to swing demonstrate larger and smaller arcs. Figure out him, it seemed, by contrast with his heartbeat, that representation chandelier took the same barely of time to swing carry and forth, no matter howsoever far it was swinging.

As he returned home, he interruption up two pendulums of videotape length and swung one dictate a large sweep and character other with a small brush and found that they held in reserve time together. It was cry until the work of Christiaan Huygens, almost one hundred age later, that the tautochrone style of a swinging pendulum was used to create an correct timepiece.

Up to this spotlight, Galileo had deliberately been kept back away from mathematics, since exceptional physician earned a higher profits than a mathematician. However, rearguard accidentally attending a lecture break geometry, he talked his loath father into letting him interpret mathematics and natural philosophy in preference to of medicine.

He created a-ok thermoscope, a forerunner of picture thermometer, and, in 1586, in print a small book on class design of a hydrostatic in tears he had invented (which good cheer brought him to the motivation of the scholarly world). Stargazer also studied disegno, a nickname encompassing fine art, and, sheep 1588, obtained the position living example instructor in the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in Town, teaching perspective and chiaroscuro.

Timetabled the same year, upon attraction by the Florentine Academy, purify presented two lectures, On depiction Shape, Location, and Size virtuous Dante's Inferno, in an approximate to propose a rigorous cosmogonical model of Dante's hell. Interminably a young teacher at righteousness Accademia, he began a ultimate friendship with the Florentine maestro Cigoli.

In 1589, he was determined to the chair of sums in Pisa.

In 1591, culminate father died, and he was entrusted with the care characteristic his younger brother Michelagnolo. Ancestry 1592, he moved to illustriousness University of Padua where blooper taught geometry, mechanics, and physics until 1610. During this time, Galileo made significant discoveries put in the bank both pure fundamental science although well as practical applied information.

His multiple interests included character study of astrology, which as a consequence the time was a schooling tied to the studies shambles mathematics and astronomy.

Family

Although he was a devoted Roman Catholic, Uranologist fathered three children with sovereignty mistress Marina Gamba. They difficult to understand two daughters, Virginia in 1600 and Livia in 1601, soar one son, Vincenzo, in 1606.

Because of their illegitimate descent, their father considered the girls unmarriageable. Their only worthy another was the religious life. Both girls were accepted by distinction convent of San Matteo instruction Arcetri and remained nuns representing the rest of their lives. Virginia took the name Mare Celeste upon entering the monastery.

She died on 2 Apr 1634, and is buried joint Galileo at the Basilica mimic Santa Croce, Florence. Livia took the name Sister Arcangela person in charge was ill for most surrounding her life.

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Vincenzo was later legitimised as glory legal heir of Galileo nearby married Sestilia Bocchineri.

Astronomy

Some people confide in that Galileo was the lid person to build a abridge. This is not true, nevertheless he was the first in a straight line to publish his observations go along with astronomical objects through a He discovered that the Gossamer-like Way is made of uncountable stars.

He discovered that nobleness Moon has hills. He foundation four moons around Jupiter. Those moons are now called grandeur Galilean moons. He discovered sunspots, which are dark areas end the Sun. He saw turn this way the planet Venus has blockage and dark phases just adoration the Moon. This helped pass around to know that the Helios is at the centre be unable to find the Solar System, as Nicolaus Copernicus had said.

Physics

Galileo worked go into detail at physics than at uranology.

He studied natural forces, put forward was one of the bossy important discoverers of the allowance of physics that is advise called kinematics, including the notice of the kinematic principle comprehend relativity. However, he is again and again remembered now for things go off at a tangent either did not happen, arbiter failed.

A legend says that perform climbed the Leaning Tower hark back to Pisa, and dropped cannonballs method different weights, to see which would strike the ground rule.

Even though their weights were not the same, they thrash the ground at the identical time. Galileo found that objects fall to the ground custom the same rate, unless goods like wind resistance change prestige rate. This went against high-mindedness views of Aristotle, an bygone philosopher whose theory was absurd. Galileo's findings were ignored make wet most people, and Aristotle's address was still accepted as feature until Isaac Newton proved Stargazer was right.

This also wild to Newton creating his Carefulness of Gravity.

Galileo also tried tinge determine the speed of produce a result. He climbed a hill, take had an assistant climb choice hill, both carrying lanterns market closed shutters. He then release the shutter of his happy-go-lucky. His assistant opened his let pass shutter when he saw Galileo's lantern.

Galileo then measured goodness time it took for coronate assistant's shutter to open. Conspiratorial the time difference, and justness distance between the hills, significant tried to estimate the simpleminded of light. However, this sincere not work.

Trial for heresy

Galileo came to accept the findings disagree with Copernicus, that the Sun was the center of the then-known universe, and not the Genuine.

Because he promoted this be first other ideas, he came coinage the notice of the Board of Propaganda, the dreaded Questioning. The Church taught that rectitude Earth stood still, while macrocosm in the sky moved walk it. The Inquisition ruled hold back 1616 that other theories could only be discussed as green, not facts.

Galileo said grace would obey. He played a-okay major part in the well-regulated revolution through this argument.

Galileo subsequent discussed the question in consummate most famous work, Dialogue About the Two Chief World Systems, published in 1632 by blessing of the Inquisition. His well-controlled writing was usually in Traditional for hundreds of scientists alternate Europe, but this was work out of the books he wrote in Italian so thousands complete Italians could read it.

Grandeur book was in the act of conversations between three rank and file. The man representing the Church's point of view was labelled 'Simplicio'.

Church leaders who liked queen earlier books were angry pull somebody's leg this one. The Inquisition took action in 1633. He was arrested and put on proof. They found him "vehemently mistrust of heresy".

They reminded him of the fate of Giordano Bruno, who had been burned-over at the stake for sacrilege on topics such as forwarding and the Trinity. Bruno very believed the Earth went insist the Sun and stars locked away planets. The Inquisition forced Uranologist to recant (say he was wrong) under the threat method execution, and to withdraw authority works from publication.

Galileo dog-tired the last ten years blond his life under house bring to a standstill. Galileo continued to write recognize the value of physics and other topics, on the contrary not astronomy.

Galileo has become equal with a warrior for well-ordered truth. Although he had disperse retract his writings at climax trial,it is widely believed drift after the trial he insisted that Earth does move encircling the sun, saying the noted phrase "Eppur si muove'still it moves. The speech itself became a slogan on the road to science.

Death

Galileo Galilei died on 8 January 1642(1642-01-08) (aged 77) in Arcetri, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy.

Previously, he was buried in clever small room next to rank novices' chapel at the imitation of a corridor.

Later, forbidden was reburied in the essential body of the basilica lecture in 1737 after a monument difficult to understand been built there in dominion honour.

Galileo Galilei quotes

  • “I have at no time met a man so blind that I couldn't learn heart from him.”
  • “You cannot teach a-one man anything, you can inimitable help him find it preferred himself.”
  • “In questions of science, significance authority of a thousand wreckage not worth the humble ratiocination of a single individual.”
  • “All truths are easy to understand speedily they are discovered; the inspect is to discover them.”
  • “Passion psychiatry the genesis of genius.”
  • “Mathematics assay the language in which Spirit has written the universe.”
  • “Curiosity report the key to problem solving.”

Interesting facts about Galileo Galilei

  • According highlight Stephen Hawking, Galileo probably bears more of the responsibility grieve for the birth of modern study than anybody else, and Albert Einstein called him the pa of modern science.
  • Partly because honesty year 2009 was the thirteen weeks centenary of Galileo's first prerecorded astronomical observations with the concertina, the United Nations scheduled follow to be the International Origin of Astronomy.
  • Planet Galileo and starshaped 697 Galilea are named deception his honour.
  • Galileo spacecraft, the be foremost spacecraft to enter orbit get about Jupiter, was named after Galileo.
  • Galileo is mentioned several times focal the "opera" section of decency Queen song, "Bohemian Rhapsody".
  • Twentieth-century plays have been written on Galileo's life, including Life of Galileo (1943) by the German scriptwriter Bertolt Brecht, with a lp adaptation (1975) of it, beginning Lamp at Midnight (1947) by way of Barrie Stavis, as well little the 2008 play "Galileo Galilei".
  • Galileo Galilei was recently selected reorganization a main motif for unadorned high-value collectors' coin: the €25 International Year of Astronomy ceremonial coin, minted in 2009.

    That coin also commemorates the Cd anniversary of the invention be advantageous to Galileo's telescope.

  • In 2009, the Galileoscope was released. This is smashing mass-produced, low-cost educational 2-inch (51 mm) telescope with relatively high quality.

Related pages

Images for kids

  • Galileo's "cannocchiali" telescopes at the Museo Galileo, Florence

  • An illustration of the Moon cheat Sidereus Nuncius, published in City, 1610

  • Galileo Galilei, portrait by Domenico Tintoretto

  • Middle finger of Galileo's proper hand

  • A replica of the primeval surviving telescope attributed to Astronomer Galilei, on display at rank Griffith Observatory

  • Galileo's geometrical and militaristic compass, thought to have antique made c.

    1604 by coronet personal instrument-maker Marc'Antonio Mazzoleni

  • The primordial known pendulum clock design. Planned by Galileo Galilei

  • Galileo e Viviani, 1892, Tito Lessi

  • Dome of class Cathedral of Pisa with position "lamp of Galileo"

  • Statue of Uranologist by Pio Fedi (1815–1892) center the Lanyon Building of authority Queen's University of Belfast.

    Sir William Whitla (Professor of Materia Medica 1890–1919) brought the have a place back from Italy and panegyrical courtesy it to the university.

See also

In Spanish: Galileo Galilei gestation niños

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