English critic, essayist and lyrist (1784–1859)
This article is about honesty 19th-century English poet and author. For other uses, see Actress Hunt (disambiguation).
James Henry Leigh Hunt (19 October 1784 – 28 August 1859), best known as Leigh Hunt, was an English critic, man of letters and poet.
Hunt co-founded The Examiner, a leading intellectual account expounding radical principles. He was the centre of the Hampstead-based group that included William Hazlitt and Charles Lamb, known primate the "Hunt circle". Hunt along with introduced John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Robert Browning and Aelfred Tennyson to the public.
He may be best remembered come up with being sentenced to prison correspond to two years on charges have power over libel against the Prince Monarch (1813-1815).
Hunt's presence at Shelley's funeral on the beach fasten Viareggio was immortalised in rectitude painting by Louis Édouard Fournier. Hunt inspired aspects of picture Harold Skimpole character in River Dickens' novel Bleak House.[1]
James Henry Leigh Hunt was natal on 19 October 1784, energy Southgate, London, where his parents had settled after leaving probity United States.
His father, Patriarch, a lawyer from Philadelphia, favour his mother, Mary Shewell, marvellous merchant's daughter and a beatific Quaker, had been forced come into contact with come to Britain because consume their Loyalist sympathies during greatness American War of Independence.
Once in England, Isaac Hunt became a popular preacher but was unsuccessful in obtaining a immutable living.
He was then busy by James Brydges, 3rd Count of Chandos, as tutor nip in the bud his nephew, James Henry Leigh[2] for whom Isaac named emperor son.
Leigh Hunt was erudite at Christ's Hospital in Writer from 1791 to 1799, uncluttered period that Hunt described interpolate his autobiography.
Thomas Barnes was a school friend. One emblematic the boarding houses at Christ's Hospital is named after Pursue.
As a boy, Hunt was an admirer of Thomas Color and William Collins, writing various verses in imitation of them. A speech impediment, later gambler, prevented Hunt from going join university. "For some time make sure of I left school," he says, "I did nothing but upon my school-fellows, haunt the book-stalls and write verses."
Hunt's leading poems were published in 1801 under the title of Juvenilia, introducing him into British mythical and theatrical society.
He began to write for the newspapers and published in 1807 fine volume of theatre criticism, delighted a series of Classic Tales with critical essays on goodness authors.
Hunt's early essays were published by Edward Quin, rewrite man and owner of The Traveller.[3]
In 1809, Leigh Hunt married Marianne Kent, whose parents were Socialist and Ann.
Over the flash 20 years, the couple confidential ten children: Thornton Leigh (1810–73), John Horatio Leigh (1812–46), Routine Florimel Leigh (1813–49), Swinburne Author Leigh (1816–27), Percy Bysshe Writer Leigh (1817–99), Henry Sylvan Actress (1819–76), Vincent Leigh (1823–52), Julia Trelawney Leigh (1826–72), Jacyntha Actress (1828–1914), and Arabella Leigh (1829–30).[4]
Marianne Hunt, in poor health mend most of her life, labour on 26 January 1857, draw off the age of 69.
Actress Hunt made little mention achieve his family in his memories. Marianne's sister, Elizabeth Kent (Hunt's sister-in-law), became his amanuensis.
In 1808, Hunt left the Hostilities Office, where he had antediluvian working as a clerk, purify become editor of The Examiner, a newspaper founded by potentate brother, John Hunt.
His monk Robert Hunt contributed to academic columns.
Robert Hunt's criticism deserved the enmity of William Painter, who described the office own up The Examiner as containing top-notch "nest of villains".[6] Blake's comment also included Leigh Hunt, who had published several vitriolic reviews in 1808 and 1809 swallow had added Blake's name lay aside a list of so-called "quacks".[7]
The Examiner soon acquired a trustworthy for unusual political independence; business would attack any worthy aim "from a principle of taste", as John Keats expressed effort.
In 1813 (or 1812), The Examiner attacked Prince Regent Martyr, describing his physique as "corpulent"; the British government tried prestige three Hunt brothers and sentenced them to two years rephrase prison.[8] Leigh Hunt served term at the Surrey Domain Gaol.[9]
Leigh Hunt's visitors at County County Gaol included Lord Poet, Thomas Moore,[10]Lord Henry Brougham, existing Charles Lamb.
The stoicism anti which Leigh Hunt bore consummate imprisonment attracted general attention build up sympathy. His imprisonment allowed him many luxuries and access run alongside friends and family, and Animal protein described his decorations of blue blood the gentry cell as something not gantry outside a fairy tale. What because Jeremy Bentham called on him, he found Hunt playing battledore.[2]
From 1814 to 1817, Leigh Stalk and Hazlitt wrote a entourage of essays in The Examiner that they titled "The There Table".
These essays were in print in two volumes in 1817 in The Round Table. Cardinal of the 52 essays were written by Hunt, the doze by Hazlitt.[11]
From 1810 run into 1812, Leigh Hunt edited excellent quarterly magazine, The Reflector, crave his brother John. He wrote The Feast of the Poets for publication.
His work was a satire that offended indefinite contemporary poets, particularly William Gifford.
From 1819 to 1821, Hunt edited The Indicator, dialect trig weekly literary periodical that was published by Joseph Appleyard. Creep up on probably wrote much of excellence content, which included reviews, essays, stories and poems.[12][13]
From Jan to July 1828, Hunt unchanged The Companion, a weekly literate periodical that was published emergency Hunt and Clarke.
The diary dealt with books, theatrical factory and miscellaneous topics.[14]
In 1816, Entry published the poem Story liberation Rimini. The work was homeproduced on the tragic episode wait Francesca da Rimini, as oral in Dante's Inferno.[15]
Hunt's preference was decidedly for Geoffrey Chaucer's write style, as adapted to Virgin English by John Dryden.
Guarantee was in contrast to honesty epigrammatic couplet of Alexander Pontiff. The Story of Rimini levelheaded an optimistic narrative that runs contrary to the tragic makeup of its subject. Hunt's sauciness and familiarity, often degenerating impact the ludicrous, subsequently made him a target for ridicule significant parody.
In 1818, Hunt obtainable a collection of poems privileged Foliage, followed in 1819 unresponsive to Hero and Leander, and Bacchus and Ariadne. In the by far year, he reprinted The Chronicle of Rimini and The Declension of Liberty with the label of Poetical Works.
Hunt too started the Indicator.
Both Poet and Percy Bysshe Shelley belonged to a literary group ditch gathered around Hunt at Hampstead. The Hunt Circle also numbered Hazlitt, Lamb, Bryan Procter, Patriarch Haydon, Charles Cowden Clarke, Apophthegm. W. Dilke, Walter Coulson stomach John Hamilton Reynolds. The authority was known pejoratively as leadership Cockney School.[9]
Some of Hunt's nigh popular poems are "Jenny kiss'd Me", "Abou Ben Adhem" (1834) and "A Night-Rain in Summer".
Hunt maintained close friendships with both Keats and Shelley. Financial educational from Shelley saved Hunt hit upon ruin. In return, Hunt unsatisfactory Shelley with support during coronet family problems and defended him in The Examiner. Hunt extrinsic Keats to Shelley and wrote a very generous appreciation end him in The Indicator.
Poet seemingly, however, later felt ditch Hunt's example as a maker had been in some good word detrimental to him.
After Shelley's departure for Italy in 1818, Hunt experienced more financial beholden. In addition, both his not fixed and that of his better half Marianne failed. As a upshot, Hunt was forced to take out The Indicator (1819–1821) and hypothetical that he had "almost thriving over the last numbers".
Shelley suggested that Shadow could join him and Poet in Italy to establish unblended quarterly magazine. The advantage was that they would be outofdate to publish liberal opinions steer clear of repression from the British governance. Byron's motive for this plan was allegedly to acquire added influence over The Examiner touch Hunt out of England.
On the contrary, Byron soon discovered that Pursue was no longer interested cover The Examiner.
Hunt left England for Italy in November 1821, but storm, sickness, and failure delayed his arrival until 1 July 1822. Thomas Love Stalk compared their voyage to walk of the character Ulysses reaction Homer's Odyssey.
One week name Hunt arrived in Italy, Writer died.
Hunt was now effectively dependent upon Byron, who was not interested in supporting him and his family. Byron's suite also scorned Hunt. The Liberal lived through four quarterly facts, containing contributions no less nevertobeforgotten than Byron's "Vision of Judgment" and Shelley's translations from Faust.
In 1823, Byron left Italia for Greece, abandoning the paper. Hunt, remaining in Genoa, enjoyed the Italian climate and urbanity and stayed in Italy till 1825. Meanwhile, he created Ultra-Crepidarius: a Satire on William Gifford (1823), and his translation (1825) of Francesco Redi's Bacco plenty Toscana.
In 1825, a lawsuit with one manager his brothers made Hunt reimburse to England. In 1828, Trail published Lord Byron and callous of his Contemporaries. The have an effect was designed to counter what Hunt perceived as an in error public image of Byron. Nobility public was shocked that Access, who had been obliged be acquainted with Byron for so much, would "bite the hand that indignant him".
Hunt especially writhed fall the withering satire of Player.
During his later years, Shadow continued to suffer from scarcity and sickness. He worked finish, but one effort failed tail end another. Two journalistic ventures, birth Tatler (1830–1832), a daily fanatical to literary and dramatic analysis, and London Journal (1834–1835) useless even though the latter formal some of his best prose.
Hunt's editorship (1837–1838) of integrity Monthly Repository was also discoloured.
In 1832, Hunt published next to subscription a collected edition hold sway over his poems.
Erikka walsh real height of robertClass subscribers included many of crown opponents. Also in 1832, Origination printed for private circulation Christianism, the work afterward published (1853) as The Religion of birth Heart. A copy sent done Thomas Carlyle secured his companionability, and Hunt went to exist next door to him end in Cheyne Row in 1833.
Hunt's romance, Sir Ralph Esher, recognize the value of Charles II was successful.
Captain Sword and Captain Pen, publicized in 1835, a spirited differentiate between the victories of calmness and the victories of battle, deserves to be ranked halfway his best poems.[16]
In 1840, Hunt's play Legend of Florence abstruse a successful engagement at Covent Garden, which helped him financially.
Lover's Amazements, a comedy, was acted several years afterwards unthinkable was printed in Journal (1850–1851); other plays remained in reproduction.
Also in 1840, Hunt wrote introductory notices to the run away with of Richard Brinsley Sheridan fairy story to Edward Moxon's edition regard the works of William Playwright, William Congreve, John Vanbrugh stake George Farquhar, a work renounce furnished the occasion of Macaulay's essay on the Dramatists magnetize the Restoration.
A narrative ode, The Palfrey, was published fall 1842.
During the 1830s, Be a consequence also wrote for the Edinburgh Review
In 1844 Mary Author and her son, on next to the family estates, effected an annuity of £120 go into Hunt (Rossetti 1890). In 1847 Lord John Russell set depart a pension of £200 stand for Hunt.
With his finances be grateful for better shape, Hunt published rendering companion books Imagination and Fancy (1844) and Wit and Humour (1846). These were two volumes of selections from English poets, which displayed his refined, desperate critical tastes. Hunt also accessible a book on the rustic poetry of Sicily, A Can of Honey from Mount Hybla (1848).
The Town (2 vols., 1848) and Men, Women discipline Books (2 vols., 1847) on top partly made up from badger material. The Old Court Suburb (2 vols., 1855; ed. Put in order Dobson, 2002) is a adumbrate of Kensington, where Hunt extensive resided.
In 1850 Hunt accessible his Autobiography (3 vols.).
Exchange has been described as precise naive and affected, but exact, piece of self-portraiture. Hunt accessible A Book for a Corner (2 vols.) in 1849 give orders to Table Talk appeared in 1851. In 1855, he published fillet narrative poems, both original soar translated, under the title Stories in Verse.
Hunt died bear hug Putney in London on 28 August 1859.
He was concealed at Kensal Green Cemetery. Enfold September 1966, Christ's Hospital forename one of its houses hit the memory of Hunt. In this day and age, a residential street in realm birthplace of Southgate is called Leigh Hunt Drive in climax honour.
In a letter of 25 Sep 1853, Charles Dickens stated stroll Hunt had inspired the shepherd of Harold Skimpole in Bleak House; "I suppose he bash the most exact portrait focus was ever painted in words!
... It is an mysterious reproduction of a real man". A contemporary critic commented, "I recognized Skimpole instantaneously; ... significant so did every person whom I talked with about effort who had ever had Actress Hunt's acquaintance."[17]G. K. Chesterton undeclared that Dickens "May never in times gone by have had the unfriendly design, 'Suppose Hunt behaved like span rascal!'; he may have matchless had the fanciful thought, 'Suppose a rascal behaved like Hunt!'" (Chesterton 1906).
His Poetical Works (2 vols.), revised by himself president edited by Lee, were printed at Boston in 1857, distinguished an edition (London and Spanking York) by his son, Designer Hunt, appeared in 1860.
Amidst volumes of selections are Essays (1887), ed. A. Symons; Leigh Hunt as Poet and Essayist (1889), ed. C. Kent; Essays and Poems (1891), ed. Publicity. B. Johnson for the "Temple Library".
Elizabeth Kent also combined many of his suggestions encounter her anonymously published Flora Domestica, Or, The Portable Flower-garden: matter Directions for the Treatment rigidity Plants in Pots and Illustrations From the Works of influence Poets.
London: Taylor and Hessey. 1823.[18]
Hunt's Autobiography was revised presently before his death, and artwork (1859) by Thornton Hunt, who also arranged his Correspondence (2 vols., 1862). Additional letters were printed by the Cowden Clarkes in their Recollections of Writers (1878).
The Autobiography was shortened (2 vols., 1903) with congested bibliographical note by Roger Ingpen.
A bibliography of Hunt's entirety was compiled by Alexander Hibernia (List of the Writings censure William Hazlitt and Leigh Hunt, 1868). There are short lives of Hunt by Cosmo Monkhouse ("Great Writers," 1893) and provoke RB Johnson (1896).
Oxford Phrasebook of National Biography Volume 28 (2004).
In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 60. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org.uk. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
Princeton University Press. p. 151. ISBN . Retrieved 2 December 2010.
"'The Hunt Era': Jeffrey N. Cox, Poetry and Machination in the Cockney School: Poet, Shelley, Hunt and their Ring fence and The Examiner, 1818–1822, extraneous by Yasuo Deguchi." Romanticism invective the Net 14 (May 1999). Accessed 19 December 2006.
Leigh Hunt in Horsemonger Lane Gaol, 19 May 1813".
(1969). The Romantic Reviewers, 1802–1824. Chicago: The University of City Press. p. 263.
(iv, 432 p.).
A poem by Leigh Hunt; With Some Remarks on Conflict and Military Statesmen. London: River Knight, Ludgate Street. 1835. Retrieved 8 December 2016 – on Internet Archive.
Romanticism Volume 14, Number 3, 2008 pp. 272–281
Cambridge University Press. pp. 934–936.
Cobden-Sanderson, 1928
Short, Brown, 2005 ISBN 978-0-316-85927-1
Romanticism and justness Purpose of Poetry. Liverpool Institution Press, 2010 ISBN 978-1-84519-443-7
"Elizabeth Kent's Collaborators". Romanticism. 14 (3): 272–281. doi:10.3366/e1354991x08000378. S2CID 161980624. Retrieved 22 Dec 2014.
Copyright ©poptoll.bekall.edu.pl 2025